Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135169055
Size: 45.84 MB
Format: PDF, Mobi
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 274
View: 5639
First Published in 1980. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
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First Published in 1980. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Azerbaijan crisis of 1946 represented a landmark in the early stages of the Cold War and played a major role in shaping the future course of Iran's political development. In this book, originally published in 1992, Louise Fawcett presents a comprehensive study of the five-year struggle for control of Iran which culminated in the crisis of 1946. Dr Fawcett examines both the Iranian domestic scene and the role played by the three great powers. She explores the causes, course and consequences of the Azerbaijan crisis from an Iranian perspective. Dr Fawcett then argues that the Iranian crisis was a far more complex affair than was once realised. It brought into play the competitive and often conflicting relationship between not only the United States and the former Soviet Union, but also between Britain and these two superpowers. This study is firmly located within the extensive international relations literature of the Cold War. Iran and the Cold War is an ideal text for students and specialists of both international relations and Middle East studies.
Vols. for 1963- include the Director's report, 1961/62-
Every 3rd issue is a quarterly cumulation.
The Image of Arabs in Modern Persian Literature considers the problem of defining Iranianness, given Iran's ethnic diversity and history as an Islamic but non-Arab country. The author focuses on the role of modern Persian literature in the process of self-definition, 19th-and 20th- century Iranian nationalism, and changing models of nationalism and their reflection in the literature, through the close reading and explication of novels, short stories, poems and essays by major Iranian writers of the 20th- century, with emphasis on writings from the Pahlavi period (1921-1979). Works which serve to represent the spectrum of writing and opinion are discussed. Some of the authors that are analyzed include fiction writer and essayist Mohammad Ali Jam'lz'deh, S'deq Hed'yat, Iran's most famous 20th-century author and Jal'l ^D^Al-e ^D^Ahmad, the most prominent literary figure in Iran in the 1960s.
Merchants and bankers managed much of nineteenth-century Iran's economy and finances. The ulama-clerical leaders-who considered themselves responsible for the spiritual welfare of their flock also played an important economic role, in particular, through management of religious endowments. Numerically, however, the most important group was that of the traders and craftsmen, who were organized into guilds and who formed thirty to fifty percent of the urban population. Finally, there were the unskilled, mostly seasonal, laborers. Guilds, Merchants and Ulama analyzes the major functions and characteristics of these groups, and discusses how they each coped with the pressures of the world market to which Iran was increasingly exposed and which resulted in the disappearance of jobs reducing Iran's economic and political independence. After 1870, Iran's economic situation was aggravated by an influx of peasants into the main cities significantly increasing the size of permanent unskilled labor in these cities. Guilds only provided some measure of social and economic benefits and protection to its members but could not prevent major downsizing, which is detailed in a contemporary report included here in translation. Meanwhile, both the merchants and the ulama demanded government action to better protect the country's economy and its independence. To make a bigger fist, the ulama, merchants and reformists mobilized the guilds to support their political ends. As such, the guilds provided the force that powered the political events, which resulted in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1906. The ulama's interference in economic life only made matters worse. They had no grasp of economics, beyond stating that people should not be greedy. And the guilds, despite their visible role during the 1905-06 events, found themselves used, and discarded when they were no longer needed. This created the parameters for major structural change to finally take place after 1925. In Guilds, Merchants, and Ulama Willem Floor provides a detailed analysis of primary source references essential for a better understanding of the socio-economic conditions that led to Iran's push toward modernization in the first quarter of the twentieth century.